Difference between revisions of "Treaties and International Agreements"

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| Australia
 
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| Bahamas
 
| Bahamas
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| Bangladesh
 
| Bangladesh
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| Barbados
 
| Barbados
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| x
 
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| x
 
| x
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| Belarus
 
| Belarus
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|  
 
|  
 
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| ?
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| x
 
| x
| no
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|-
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|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 
| Belgium
 
| Belgium
 
| 5
 
| 5
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| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
| ?
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|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Benin
 
| Benin
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|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
| ?
+
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| ?
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|  
| ?
+
|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
 
| Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
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| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
| ?
+
|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Botswana
 
| Botswana
Line 247: Line 247:
 
| x
 
| x
 
|  
 
|  
| ?
+
|  
| no
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|  
| ?
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|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Bulgaria
 
| Bulgaria
Line 273: Line 273:
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
| ?
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|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Cabo Verde
 
| Cabo Verde
Line 281: Line 281:
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
| ?
+
|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Cambodia
 
| Cambodia
Line 289: Line 289:
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
| ?
+
|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Cameroon
 
| Cameroon
Line 297: Line 297:
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
| ?
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|  
|-
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|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 
| Canada
 
| Canada
 
| 4
 
| 4
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|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
| ?
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|  
 
| x
 
| x
| ?
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|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Chad
 
| Chad
Line 322: Line 322:
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
|-
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|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 
| Chile
 
| Chile
 
| 5
 
| 5
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|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
| ?
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|  
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
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| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
| x?
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| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
|-
 
|-
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| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
| ?
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|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Costa Rica
 
| Costa Rica
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| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
|-
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|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 
| Czech Republic
 
| Czech Republic
 
| 4
 
| 4
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| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
| ?
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|  
|-
+
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 
| Denmark
 
| Denmark
 
| 5
 
| 5
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| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
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|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Dominican Republic
 
| Dominican Republic
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| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
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| x
 
| x
| ?
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|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| El Salvador
 
| El Salvador
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| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
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|-
+
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 
| Estonia
 
| Estonia
 
| 5
 
| 5
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| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
| no
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|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| European Union
 
| European Union
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|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
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| x
 
| x
| ?
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|  
|-
+
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 
| Finland
 
| Finland
 
| 5
 
| 5
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| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
|-
+
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 
| France
 
| France
 
| 5
 
| 5
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| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
| no
+
|  
|-
+
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 
| Germany
 
| Germany
 
| 5
 
| 5
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| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
|-
+
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 
| Greece
 
| Greece
 
| 4
 
| 4
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|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
| ?
+
|  
| ?
+
|  
| ?
+
|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Guatemala
 
| Guatemala
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| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
| no
+
|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Guinea
 
| Guinea
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|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
| ?
+
|  
| no
+
|  
| ?
+
|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Honduras
 
| Honduras
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| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
|-
+
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 
| Hungary
 
| Hungary
 
| 4
 
| 4
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| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
|-
+
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 
| Iceland
 
| Iceland
 
| 4
 
| 4
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
| ?
+
|  
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
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| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
| no
+
|  
|-
+
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 
| Ireland
 
| Ireland
 
| 5
 
| 5
Line 706: Line 706:
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
|-
+
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 
| Israel
 
| Israel
 
| 1
 
| 1
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|  
 
|  
 
| x
 
| x
| no
+
|  
| no
+
|  
|-
+
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 
| Italy
 
| Italy
 
| 3
 
| 3
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| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
| no
+
|  
| no
+
|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Jamaica
 
| Jamaica
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| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
|-
+
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 
| Japan
 
| Japan
 
| 4
 
| 4
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| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
| ?
+
|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Kenya
 
| Kenya
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| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
| no
+
|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Kiribati
 
| Kiribati
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|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
| ?
+
|  
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
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| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
| ?
+
|  
|-
+
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 
| Korea, Republic of
 
| Korea, Republic of
 
| 4
 
| 4
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| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
| ?
+
|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Lao, People’s Demodratic Republic
 
| Lao, People’s Demodratic Republic
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| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
| no
+
|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Libya
 
| Libya
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| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
| no
+
|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Liechtenstein
 
| Liechtenstein
Line 866: Line 866:
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
|-
+
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 
| Luxembourg
 
| Luxembourg
 
| 5
 
| 5
Line 879: Line 879:
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
| ?
+
|  
| ?
+
|  
| no
+
|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Madagascar
 
| Madagascar
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| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
| no
+
|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Malaysia
 
| Malaysia
Line 904: Line 904:
 
|  
 
|  
 
| x
 
| x
| no
+
|  
| no
+
|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Maldives
 
| Maldives
Line 913: Line 913:
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
| ?
+
|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Mali
 
| Mali
Line 954: Line 954:
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
|-
+
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 
| Mexico
 
| Mexico
 
| 4
 
| 4
Line 967: Line 967:
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
| ?
+
|  
 
| x
 
| x
| ?
+
|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Moldova, Republic of
 
| Moldova, Republic of
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| x
 
| x
 
|  
 
|  
| ?
+
|  
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
Line 1,009: Line 1,009:
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
| no
+
|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Mozambique
 
| Mozambique
Line 1,017: Line 1,017:
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
| no
+
|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Myanmar
 
| Myanmar
Line 1,023: Line 1,023:
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
| ?
+
|  
 
| x
 
| x
| ?
+
|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Namibia
 
| Namibia
Line 1,039: Line 1,039:
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
| ?
+
|  
 
| x
 
| x
| ?
+
|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Nepal
 
| Nepal
Line 1,049: Line 1,049:
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
| no
+
|  
|-
+
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 
| Netherlands
 
| Netherlands
 
| 5
 
| 5
Line 1,058: Line 1,058:
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
|-
+
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 
| New Zealand
 
| New Zealand
 
| 3
 
| 3
Line 1,065: Line 1,065:
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
| no
+
|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Nicaragua
 
| Nicaragua
Line 1,095: Line 1,095:
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
| ?
+
|  
 
| x
 
| x
| ?
+
|  
|-
+
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 
| Norway
 
| Norway
 
| 5
 
| 5
Line 1,121: Line 1,121:
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
| no
+
|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Palau
 
| Palau
Line 1,127: Line 1,127:
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
| ?
+
|  
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
Line 1,151: Line 1,151:
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
| ?
+
|  
 
| x
 
| x
| ?
+
|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Paraguay
 
| Paraguay
Line 1,177: Line 1,177:
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
| no
+
|  
|-
+
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 
| Poland
 
| Poland
 
| 3
 
| 3
Line 1,185: Line 1,185:
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
| no
+
|  
|-
+
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 
| Portugal
 
| Portugal
 
| 4
 
| 4
Line 1,201: Line 1,201:
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
| ?
+
|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Romania
 
| Romania
Line 1,217: Line 1,217:
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
| ?
+
|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Rwanda
 
| Rwanda
Line 1,239: Line 1,239:
 
| x
 
| x
 
|  
 
|  
| no
+
|  
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
Line 1,249: Line 1,249:
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
| ?
+
|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Samoa
 
| Samoa
Line 1,262: Line 1,262:
 
| 0
 
| 0
 
|  
 
|  
| no
+
|  
| ?
+
|  
| ?
+
|  
| ?
+
|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Sao Tome and Principe
 
| Sao Tome and Principe
Line 1,297: Line 1,297:
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
| no
+
|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Seychelles
 
| Seychelles
Line 1,303: Line 1,303:
 
| x
 
| x
 
|  
 
|  
| no
+
|  
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
Line 1,330: Line 1,330:
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
|-
+
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 
| Slovenia
 
| Slovenia
 
| 5
 
| 5
Line 1,343: Line 1,343:
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
| ?
+
|  
 
| x
 
| x
| ?
+
|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Somalia
 
| Somalia
Line 1,353: Line 1,353:
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
| ?
+
|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| South Africa
 
| South Africa
Line 1,362: Line 1,362:
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
|-
+
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 
| Spain
 
| Spain
 
| 4
 
| 4
Line 1,369: Line 1,369:
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
| no
+
|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Sri Lanka
 
| Sri Lanka
Line 1,385: Line 1,385:
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
| no
+
|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Suriname
 
| Suriname
Line 1,402: Line 1,402:
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
|-
+
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 
| Sweden
 
| Sweden
 
| 5
 
| 5
Line 1,410: Line 1,410:
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
|-
+
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 
| Switzerland
 
| Switzerland
 
| 5
 
| 5
Line 1,431: Line 1,431:
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
| no
+
|  
 
| x
 
| x
| ?
+
|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Tanzania, United Republic of
 
| Tanzania, United Republic of
Line 1,441: Line 1,441:
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
| no
+
|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Thailand
 
| Thailand
Line 1,481: Line 1,481:
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
| ?
+
|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Tunisia
 
| Tunisia
Line 1,489: Line 1,489:
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
| no
+
|  
|-
+
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 
| Turkey
 
| Turkey
 
| 3
 
| 3
Line 1,497: Line 1,497:
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
| no
+
|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Turkmenistan
 
| Turkmenistan
Line 1,503: Line 1,503:
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
| ?
+
|  
| ?
+
|  
| ?
+
|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Tuvalu
 
| Tuvalu
Line 1,511: Line 1,511:
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
| ?
+
|  
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
Line 1,529: Line 1,529:
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
| ?
+
|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| United Arab Emirates
 
| United Arab Emirates
Line 1,538: Line 1,538:
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
|-
+
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 
| United Kingdom
 
| United Kingdom
 
| 5
 
| 5
Line 1,546: Line 1,546:
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
|-
+
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 
| United States
 
| United States
 
| 1
 
| 1
 
|  
 
|  
| no
+
|  
| no
+
|  
| no
+
|  
 
| x
 
| x
 
|-
 
|-
Line 1,567: Line 1,567:
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
 
|  
| ?
+
|  
 
| x
 
| x
| ?
+
|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Vanuatu
 
| Vanuatu
Line 1,585: Line 1,585:
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
| no
+
|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Viet Nam
 
| Viet Nam
Line 1,601: Line 1,601:
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
| no
+
|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Zambia
 
| Zambia
Line 1,617: Line 1,617:
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
 
| x
| no
+
|  
 
|-
 
|-
| '''totals'''
+
| '''Totals'''
 
| '''617'''
 
| '''617'''
 
| '''100'''
 
| '''100'''

Latest revision as of 16:27, 16 July 2020

Waste Trade Treaties

Below are some additional treaties/international agreements which deal with the international movement of toxic materials:

This convention prohibits the import into Africa of any hazardous, including radioactive, wastes, as well as products which have been banned, cancelled or withdrawn from registration for environmental or health reasons.
This agreement creates a ban on the import of all hazardous wastes into the Central American region.
This protocol prohibits the export of hazardous and radioactive wastes to non-OECD countries and those Parties that are not members of the European Community are prohibited from importing hazardous and radioactive wastes.
This treaty prohibits each Pacific Island developing Party from importing all hazardous and radioactive wastes from outside of the Convention area. Australia and New Zealand are prohibited from exporting hazardous or radioactive wastes to all other South Pacific Forum Island countries.
This legislation is binding on all 28 member states of the European Union. It implements not only the Basel Convention but also the Basel Ban Amendment (Basel Decision III/1) prohibiting the export of all hazardous wastes from member states of the OECD, EU and Liechtenstein (Annex VII) to all non-Annex VII countries.
This binding agreement can be used only within the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development member states for in wastes for recovery/recycling. It was created to streamline the notification and consent procedures within the OECD group.

General Toxics Treaties

BAN currently focuses advocacy efforts on these five treaties/international agreements. (For more, see Other Treaties and International Agreements).

Deals with the control and banning of abusive transboundary movements of hazardous wastes. The Ban Amendment prohibits exports of hazardous wastes from the OECD, EC and Liechtenstein to all other countries.
Bans virtually all industrial and radioactive waste from being dumped or incinerated at sea.
Seeks to limit overall use of mercury and mercury compounds with the intent of protecting human health and the environment.
Seeks to ensure that exports of extremely dangerous chemicals only take place with the consent of the recipient country, and replaces the current voluntary prior informed consent regime with a mandatory one.
Aims to eliminate from commercial use and release, 24 of the most dangerous global pollutants including the highly toxic, by-products of chlorine chemistry – dioxins and furans.

Country by Country

Countries Score BAN IMO London Convention Protocol Rotterdam Stockholm Minamata
Afghanistan 3 x x x
Albania 4 x x x x
Algeria 2 x x
Andorra 1 x
Angola 2 x x
Antigua and Barbuda 5 x x x x x
Argentina 4 x x x x
Armenia 3 x x x
Australia 3 x x x
Austria 4 x x x x
Azerbaijan 1 x
Bahamas 2 x x
Bahrain 3 x x x
Bangladesh 1 x
Barbados 2 x x
Belarus 1 x
Belgium 5 x x x x x
Belize 2 x x
Benin 4 x x x x
Bhutan 0
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 4 x x x x
Bosnia and Herzegovina 2 x x
Botswana 4 x x x x
Brazil 3 x x x
Brunei Darussalam 1 x
Bulgaria 5 x x x x x
Burkina Faso 3 x x x
Burundi 2 x x
Cabo Verde 2 x x
Cambodia 2 x x
Cameroon 2 x x
Canada 4 x x x x
Central African Republic 1 x
Chad 3 x x x
Chile 5 x x x x x
China 5 x x x x x
Colombia 4 x x x x
Comoros 2 x x
Congo 5 x x x x x
Cook Islands 3 x x x
Costa Rica 4 x x x x
Cote d’Ivoire 4 x x x x
Croatia 4 x x x x
Cuba 3 x x x
Cyprus 4 x x x x
Czech Republic 4 x x x x
Congo, Democratic Republic of 3 x x x
Denmark 5 x x x x x
Djibouti 3 x x x
Dominica 2 x x
Dominican Republic 3 x x x
Ecuador 4 x x x x
Egypt 3 x x x
El Salvador 4 x x x x
Equatorial Guinea 3 x x x
Eritrea 2 x x
Estonia 5 x x x x x
Ethiopia 3 x x x
European Union 4 x x x x
Fiji 1 x
Finland 5 x x x x x
France 5 x x x x x
Gabon 3 x x x
Gambia 4 x x x x
Georgia 3 x x x
Germany 5 x x x x x
Ghana 5 x x x x x
Greece 4 x x x x
Grenada 0
Guatemala 4 x x x x
Guinea 4 x x x x
Guinea-Bissau 3 x x x
Guyana 4 x x x x
Haiti 0
Honduras 3 x x x
Hungary 4 x x x x
Iceland 4 x x x x
India 3 x x x
Indonesia 4 x x x x
Iran, Islamic Republic of 5 x x x x x
Iraq 2 x x
Ireland 5 x x x x x
Israel 1 x
Italy 3 x x x
Jamaica 4 x x x x
Japan 4 x x x x
Jordan 4 x x x x
Kazakhstan 2 x x
Kenya 4 x x x x
Kiribati 2 x x
Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of 2 x x
Korea, Republic of 4 x x x x
Kuwait 4 x x x x
Kyrgyzstan 2 x x
Lao, People’s Demodratic Republic 3 x x x
Latvia 4 x x x x
Lebanon 4 x x x x
Lesotho 4 x x x x
Liberia 3 x x x
Libya 2 x x
Liechtenstein 4 x x x x
Lithuania 4 x x x x
Luxembourg 5 x x x x x
Macedonia,former Yugoslav Republic of
Madagascar 4 x x x x
Malawi 3 x x x
Malaysia 2 x x
Maldives 3 x x x
Mali 3 x x x
Malta 4 x x x x
Marshall Islands 4 x x x x
Mauritania 3 x x x
Mauritius 4 x x x x
Mexico 4 x x x x
Micronesia, Federated States of 1 x
Moldova, Republic of 4 x x x x
Monaco 3 x x x
Mongolia 3 x x x
Montenegro 4 x x x x
Morocco 4 x x x x
Mozambique 2 x x
Myanmar 1 x
Namibia 4 x x x x
Nauru 1 x
Nepal 2 x x
Netherlands 5 x x x x x
New Zealand 3 x x x
Nicaragua 3 x x x
Niger 4 x x x x
Nigeria 5 x x x x x
Niue 1 x
Norway 5 x x x x x
Oman 4 x x x x
Pakistan 2 x x
Palau 2 x x
Palestine (State of) 2 x x
Panama 4 x x x x
Papua New Guinea 1 x
Paraguay 4 x x x x
Peru 5 x x x x x
Philippines 3 x x x
Poland 3 x x x
Portugal 4 x x x x
Qatar 3 x x x
Romania 4 x x x x
Russian Federation 2 x x
Rwanda 3 x x x
Saint Kitts and Nevis 5 x x x x x
Saint Lucia 3 x x x
Saint Vincent and Granadines 2 x x
Samoa 3 x x x
San Marino 0
Sao Tome and Principe 3 x x x
Saudi Arabia 5 x x x x x
Senegal 3 x x x
Serbia 3 x x x
Seychelles 3 x x x
Sierra Leone 5 x x x x x
Singapore 3 x x x
Slovakia 4 x x x x
Slovenia 5 x x x x x
Solomon Islands 1 x
Somalia 2 x x
South Africa 5 x x x x x
Spain 4 x x x x
Sri Lanka 4 x x x x
Sudan 2 x x
Suriname 4 x x x x
Swaziland (now Eswatini) 3 x x x
Sweden 5 x x x x x
Switzerland 5 x x x x x
Syrian Arab Republic 4 x x x x
Tajikistan 1 x
Tanzania, United Republic of 3 x x x
Thailand 3 x x x
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 4 x x x x
Togo 3 x x x
Tonga 4 x x x x
Trinidad and Tobago 4 x x x x
Tunisia 3 x x x
Turkey 3 x x x
Turkmenistan 0
Tuvalu 2 x x
Uganda 3 x x x
Ukraine 2 x x
United Arab Emirates 3 x x x
United Kingdom 5 x x x x x
United States 1 x
Uruguay 5 x x x x x
Uzbekistan 1 x
Vanuatu 4 x x x x
Venezuela 2 x x
Viet Nam 3 x x x
Yemen, Republic of 3 x x x
Zambia 4 x x x x
Zimbabwe 2 x x
Totals 617 100 55 161 183 122
Failing (0) 5
Fair (1) 17
Good (2) 33
Very Good (3) 52
Excellent (4) 60
Exceptional (5) 28

*While the European Union is not a country, it is allowed to ratify as a political and economic integration organization.

**Gray shading indicates an OECD Member country.