Difference between revisions of "Treaties and International Agreements"

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==List of Treaties and International Agreements==
+
==Waste Trade Treaties==
 +
 
 +
Below are some additional treaties/international agreements which deal with the international movement of toxic materials:
  
 
*[[Bamako Convention]]
 
*[[Bamako Convention]]
 
:This convention prohibits the import into Africa of any hazardous, including radioactive, wastes, as well as products which have been banned, cancelled or withdrawn from registration for environmental or health reasons.
 
:This convention prohibits the import into Africa of any hazardous, including radioactive, wastes, as well as products which have been banned, cancelled or withdrawn from registration for environmental or health reasons.
−
 
−
*[[Basel Convention]] and [[Ban Amendment]]
 
−
:The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal (1989) together with its Ban Amendment (1995) deals with the control and banning of abusive transboundary movements of hazardous wastes.  The Ban Amendment prohibits exports of hazardous wastes from the OECD, EC and Liechtenstein to all other countries.
 
  
 
*[[Central American Agreement]]
 
*[[Central American Agreement]]
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*[[Izmir Protocol]]
 
*[[Izmir Protocol]]
 
:This protocol prohibits the export of hazardous and radioactive wastes to non-OECD countries and those Parties that are not members of the European Community are prohibited from importing hazardous and radioactive wastes.
 
:This protocol prohibits the export of hazardous and radioactive wastes to non-OECD countries and those Parties that are not members of the European Community are prohibited from importing hazardous and radioactive wastes.
−
 
−
*[[London Convention Protocol]]
 
−
:This convention bans virtually all industrial and radioactive waste from being dumped or incinerated at sea.
 
−
 
−
*[[Minamata Convention]]
 
−
:This convention seeks to limit overall use of mercury and mercury compounds with the intent of protecting human health and the environment.
 
−
 
−
*[[Rotterdam Convention]]
 
−
:This convention seeks to ensure that exports of extremely dangerous chemicals only take place with the consent of the recipient country, and replaces the current voluntary prior informed consent regime with a mandatory one. 
 
−
 
−
*[[Stockholm Convention]]
 
−
:This convention aims to eliminate from commercial use and release, 24 of the most dangerous global pollutants including the highly toxic, by-products of chlorine chemistry – dioxins and furans. 
 
  
 
*[[Waigani Convention]]
 
*[[Waigani Convention]]
 
:This treaty prohibits each Pacific Island developing Party from importing all hazardous and radioactive wastes from outside of the Convention area. Australia and New Zealand are prohibited from exporting hazardous or radioactive wastes to all other South Pacific Forum Island countries.
 
:This treaty prohibits each Pacific Island developing Party from importing all hazardous and radioactive wastes from outside of the Convention area. Australia and New Zealand are prohibited from exporting hazardous or radioactive wastes to all other South Pacific Forum Island countries.
  
−
==Status of Treaties and International Agreements==
+
*[[:File:Country Status-EU Waste Shipment Regulation - June 14, 2006.pdf|Waste Shipment Regulation (EU)]]
−
===Package Deal: Five Treaties to Fight Pollution===
+
:This legislation is binding on all 28 member states of the European Union.  It implements not only the Basel Convention but also the Basel Ban Amendment (Basel Decision III/1) prohibiting the export of all hazardous wastes from member states of the OECD, EU and Liechtenstein (Annex VII) to all non-Annex VII countries.
 +
 
 +
*[https://legalinstruments.oecd.org/en/instruments/OECD-LEGAL-0266 OECD Council Decision (OECD/LEGAL/0266)]
 +
:This binding agreement can be used only within the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development member states for in wastes  for recovery/recycling.  It was created to streamline the notification and consent procedures within the OECD group. 
  
−
'''Time for Entry into Force for All Five'''  
+
==General Toxics Treaties==
 +
BAN currently focuses advocacy efforts on these five treaties/international agreements. (For more, see ''[[Treaties_and_International_Agreements#Other Treaties and International Agreements|Other Treaties and International Agreements]]'').
  
−
May, 2015
+
*[[Basel Convention]] and [[Ban Amendment]]
 +
:Deals with the control and banning of abusive transboundary movements of hazardous wastes.  The Ban Amendment prohibits exports of hazardous wastes from the OECD, EC and Liechtenstein to all other countries.
  
−
Some very significant milestones of international environmental law have occurred in recent years.  First, the Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade entered into force on 24 February 2004.  Then, on 17 May 2004 the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) entered into force. And in 2009, the 1996 London Convention Protocol also achieved the requisite ratifications to enter into the force of international law.  Governments, intergovernmental bodies and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) alike celebrated the successful adoption of these vital treaties.
+
*[[London Convention Protocol]]
 +
:Bans virtually all industrial and radioactive waste from being dumped or incinerated at sea.  
  
−
Unfortunately, any further celebration must be put on hold, as two of the Package of 5 Toxic Treaties have still, as yet not entered into international force.  Most notably, the Basel Convention with the Basel Ban Amendment remains an unfulfilled promise!  Without the Ban Amendment, envisaged as being part of the Convention since the beginning, the Basel Convention cannot be considered complete. Until the Ban Amendment enters into force, every country that has not yet done so should move with haste to ratify each of the treaties described below:
+
*[[Minamata Convention]]
 +
:Seeks to limit overall use of mercury and mercury compounds with the intent of protecting human health and the environment.  
  
−
1. The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal (1989) together with its Ban Amendment (1995) deals with the control and banning of abusive transboundary movements of hazardous wastes.  The Ban Amendment, which prohibits exports of hazardous wastes from the OECD, EC and Liechtenstein to all other countries, was passed twice by consensus; dramatically changing the effect of the original Basel Convention.  The 1995
+
*[[Rotterdam Convention]]
−
Basel Amendment strengthened the original treaty to such an extent that without the amendment, the original text must be viewed as unacceptably out of date. For more information on the significance of the Basel Ban Amendment see BAN Briefing Paper No. 1.  At COP10 in October 2011, it was decided that the amendment will enter into force when 68 of the 90 countries that were Parties to the Convention in 1995 ratify the agreement.  To date 56 of these have ratified leaving just 12 more needed.  See BAN Briefing Paper No. 4 for more information on the countdown to entry into force.
+
:Seeks to ensure that exports of extremely dangerous chemicals only take place with the consent of the recipient country, and replaces the current voluntary prior informed consent regime with a mandatory one.   
  
−
2. The Protocol to the London Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Waste and Other Matter (1996) now in force and thus replaces the original London Dumping Convention (1972).  The protocol, rather than prescribing which dumping can take place, takes a more precautionary approach to its predecessor.  It utilizes a reverse list, which assumes that wastes cannot be dumped in our global commons unless explicitly reviewed and especially listed.  Thus the treaty bans virtually all industrial and radioactive waste from being dumped or incinerated at sea.  
+
*[[Stockholm Convention]]
 +
:Aims to eliminate from commercial use and release, 24 of the most dangerous global pollutants including the highly toxic, by-products of chlorine chemistry – dioxins and furans.
  
−
3. The Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade (1998) was the first international treaty to deal with chemical products.  It seeks to ensure that exports of extremely dangerous chemicals only take place with the consent of the recipient country, and replaces the current voluntary prior informed consent regime with a mandatory one.  The treaty currently covers 43 chemicals including 33 pesticides and is now in force.
+
==Country by Country==
  
−
4.    The Stockholm Convention (2001) for the first time, aims to eliminate from commercial use and release, 24 of the most dangerous global pollutants including the highly toxic, by-products of chlorine chemistry – dioxins and furans.  It will minimize the releases of these compounds from a variety of industrial and consumer sources through the substitution of less toxic products and processes.  The Stockholm Convention moved from paper promise to international law in just three short years.  The success of Stockholm in attaining this goal, much like Rotterdam’s, came about due to the aggressive promotion and support given by the Secretariat of the Convention in getting the Parties to ratify. 
+
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
! Countries
 +
! Score
 +
! BAN
 +
! IMO London Convention Protocol
 +
! Rotterdam
 +
! Stockholm
 +
! Minamata
 +
|-
 +
| Afghanistan
 +
| 3
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Albania
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Algeria
 +
| 2
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Andorra
 +
| 1
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Angola
 +
| 2
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Antigua and Barbuda
 +
| 5
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Argentina
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Armenia
 +
| 3
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 +
| Australia
 +
| 3
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 +
| Austria
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Azerbaijan
 +
| 1
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Bahamas
 +
| 2
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Bahrain
 +
| 3
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Bangladesh
 +
| 1
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Barbados
 +
| 2
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Belarus
 +
| 1
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 +
| Belgium
 +
| 5
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Belize
 +
| 2
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Benin
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Bhutan
 +
| 0
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Bosnia and Herzegovina
 +
| 2
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Botswana
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Brazil
 +
| 3
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Brunei Darussalam
 +
| 1
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Bulgaria
 +
| 5
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Burkina Faso
 +
| 3
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Burundi
 +
| 2
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Cabo Verde
 +
| 2
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Cambodia
 +
| 2
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Cameroon
 +
| 2
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 +
| Canada
 +
| 4
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Central African Republic
 +
| 1
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Chad
 +
| 3
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 +
| Chile
 +
| 5
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| China
 +
| 5
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Colombia
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Comoros
 +
| 2
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Congo
 +
| 5
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Cook Islands
 +
| 3
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Costa Rica
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Cote d’Ivoire
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Croatia
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Cuba
 +
| 3
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Cyprus
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 +
| Czech Republic
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Congo, Democratic Republic of
 +
| 3
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 +
| Denmark
 +
| 5
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Djibouti
 +
| 3
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Dominica
 +
| 2
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Dominican Republic
 +
| 3
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Ecuador
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Egypt
 +
| 3
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| El Salvador
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Equatorial Guinea
 +
| 3
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Eritrea
 +
| 2
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 +
| Estonia
 +
| 5
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Ethiopia
 +
| 3
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| European Union
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Fiji
 +
| 1
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 +
| Finland
 +
| 5
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 +
| France
 +
| 5
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Gabon
 +
| 3
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Gambia
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Georgia
 +
| 3
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 +
| Germany
 +
| 5
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Ghana
 +
| 5
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 +
| Greece
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Grenada
 +
| 0
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Guatemala
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Guinea
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Guinea-Bissau
 +
| 3
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Guyana
 +
| 4
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Haiti
 +
| 0
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Honduras
 +
| 3
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 +
| Hungary
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 +
| Iceland
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| India
 +
| 3
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Indonesia
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Iran, Islamic Republic of
 +
| 5
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Iraq
 +
| 2
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 +
| Ireland
 +
| 5
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 +
| Israel
 +
| 1
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 +
| Italy
 +
| 3
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Jamaica
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 +
| Japan
 +
| 4
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Jordan
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Kazakhstan
 +
| 2
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Kenya
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Kiribati
 +
| 2
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of
 +
| 2
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 +
| Korea, Republic of
 +
| 4
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Kuwait
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Kyrgyzstan
 +
| 2
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Lao, People’s Demodratic Republic
 +
| 3
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Latvia
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Lebanon
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Lesotho
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Liberia
 +
| 3
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Libya
 +
| 2
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Liechtenstein
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Lithuania
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 +
| Luxembourg
 +
| 5
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Macedonia,former Yugoslav Republic of
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Madagascar
 +
| 4
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Malawi
 +
| 3
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Malaysia
 +
| 2
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Maldives
 +
| 3
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Mali
 +
| 3
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Malta
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Marshall Islands
 +
| 4
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Mauritania
 +
| 3
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Mauritius
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 +
| Mexico
 +
| 4
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Micronesia, Federated States of
 +
| 1
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Moldova, Republic of
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Monaco
 +
| 3
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Mongolia
 +
| 3
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Montenegro
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Morocco
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Mozambique
 +
| 2
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Myanmar
 +
| 1
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Namibia
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Nauru
 +
| 1
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Nepal
 +
| 2
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 +
| Netherlands
 +
| 5
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 +
| New Zealand
 +
| 3
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Nicaragua
 +
| 3
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Niger
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Nigeria
 +
| 5
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Niue
 +
| 1
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 +
| Norway
 +
| 5
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Oman
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Pakistan
 +
| 2
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Palau
 +
| 2
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Palestine (State of)
 +
| 2
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Panama
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Papua New Guinea
 +
| 1
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Paraguay
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Peru
 +
| 5
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Philippines
 +
| 3
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 +
| Poland
 +
| 3
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 +
| Portugal
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Qatar
 +
| 3
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Romania
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Russian Federation
 +
| 2
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Rwanda
 +
| 3
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Saint Kitts and Nevis
 +
| 5
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Saint Lucia
 +
| 3
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Saint Vincent and Granadines
 +
| 2
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Samoa
 +
| 3
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| San Marino
 +
| 0
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Sao Tome and Principe
 +
| 3
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Saudi Arabia
 +
| 5
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Senegal
 +
| 3
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Serbia
 +
| 3
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Seychelles
 +
| 3
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Sierra Leone
 +
| 5
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Singapore
 +
| 3
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Slovakia
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 +
| Slovenia
 +
| 5
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Solomon Islands
 +
| 1
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Somalia
 +
| 2
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| South Africa
 +
| 5
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 +
| Spain
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Sri Lanka
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Sudan
 +
| 2
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Suriname
 +
| 4
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Swaziland (now Eswatini)
 +
| 3
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 +
| Sweden
 +
| 5
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 +
| Switzerland
 +
| 5
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Syrian Arab Republic
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Tajikistan
 +
| 1
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Tanzania, United Republic of
 +
| 3
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Thailand
 +
| 3
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Togo
 +
| 3
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Tonga
 +
| 4
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Trinidad and Tobago
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Tunisia
 +
| 3
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 +
| Turkey
 +
| 3
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Turkmenistan
 +
| 0
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Tuvalu
 +
| 2
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Uganda
 +
| 3
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Ukraine
 +
| 2
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| United Arab Emirates
 +
| 3
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 +
| United Kingdom
 +
| 5
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|- bgcolor="#C0C0C0"
 +
| United States
 +
| 1
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Uruguay
 +
| 5
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Uzbekistan
 +
| 1
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Vanuatu
 +
| 4
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Venezuela
 +
| 2
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Viet Nam
 +
| 3
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Yemen, Republic of
 +
| 3
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| Zambia
 +
| 4
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|-
 +
| Zimbabwe
 +
| 2
 +
|
 +
|
 +
| x
 +
| x
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| '''Totals'''
 +
| '''617'''
 +
| '''100'''
 +
| '''55'''
 +
| '''161'''
 +
| '''183'''
 +
| '''122'''
 +
|-
 +
| '''Failing (0)'''
 +
| '''5'''
 +
|-
 +
| '''Fair (1)'''
 +
| '''17'''
 +
|-
 +
| '''Good (2)'''
 +
| '''33'''
 +
|-
 +
| '''Very Good (3)'''
 +
| '''52'''
 +
|-
 +
| '''Excellent (4)'''
 +
| '''60'''
 +
|-
 +
| '''Exceptional (5)'''
 +
| '''28'''
 +
|}
  
−
5.    The Minamata Convention (2013) is the most recent addition to the “Package of Five”, having been adopted in October of 2013. This treaty seeks to limit overall use of mercury and mercury compounds with the intent of protecting human health and the environment. It has only been ratified by 12 Parties to the Convention thus far, requiring 38 more for entry into force.  
+
<nowiki>*</nowiki>'''While the European Union is not a country, it is allowed to ratify as a political and economic integration organization.'''
  
−
'''Progress Reports on the''' '''''“Package of Five” '''''
+
<nowiki>**</nowiki>'''Gray shading indicates an OECD Member country.'''
−
 
−
BAN has compiled a country progress report on ratification of the “Package of Five” – the five most significant global toxics agreements.  We will keep this report card up to date on our website (www.ban.org/country_status/report_card.html). 
 
−
In the table below one can view a summary of the report card showing how many countries have ratified none, one, two, three, four, or five of the “Package of Five” treaties.
 

Latest revision as of 16:27, 16 July 2020

Waste Trade Treaties

Below are some additional treaties/international agreements which deal with the international movement of toxic materials:

This convention prohibits the import into Africa of any hazardous, including radioactive, wastes, as well as products which have been banned, cancelled or withdrawn from registration for environmental or health reasons.
This agreement creates a ban on the import of all hazardous wastes into the Central American region.
This protocol prohibits the export of hazardous and radioactive wastes to non-OECD countries and those Parties that are not members of the European Community are prohibited from importing hazardous and radioactive wastes.
This treaty prohibits each Pacific Island developing Party from importing all hazardous and radioactive wastes from outside of the Convention area. Australia and New Zealand are prohibited from exporting hazardous or radioactive wastes to all other South Pacific Forum Island countries.
This legislation is binding on all 28 member states of the European Union. It implements not only the Basel Convention but also the Basel Ban Amendment (Basel Decision III/1) prohibiting the export of all hazardous wastes from member states of the OECD, EU and Liechtenstein (Annex VII) to all non-Annex VII countries.
This binding agreement can be used only within the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development member states for in wastes for recovery/recycling. It was created to streamline the notification and consent procedures within the OECD group.

General Toxics Treaties

BAN currently focuses advocacy efforts on these five treaties/international agreements. (For more, see Other Treaties and International Agreements).

Deals with the control and banning of abusive transboundary movements of hazardous wastes. The Ban Amendment prohibits exports of hazardous wastes from the OECD, EC and Liechtenstein to all other countries.
Bans virtually all industrial and radioactive waste from being dumped or incinerated at sea.
Seeks to limit overall use of mercury and mercury compounds with the intent of protecting human health and the environment.
Seeks to ensure that exports of extremely dangerous chemicals only take place with the consent of the recipient country, and replaces the current voluntary prior informed consent regime with a mandatory one.
Aims to eliminate from commercial use and release, 24 of the most dangerous global pollutants including the highly toxic, by-products of chlorine chemistry – dioxins and furans.

Country by Country

Countries Score BAN IMO London Convention Protocol Rotterdam Stockholm Minamata
Afghanistan 3 x x x
Albania 4 x x x x
Algeria 2 x x
Andorra 1 x
Angola 2 x x
Antigua and Barbuda 5 x x x x x
Argentina 4 x x x x
Armenia 3 x x x
Australia 3 x x x
Austria 4 x x x x
Azerbaijan 1 x
Bahamas 2 x x
Bahrain 3 x x x
Bangladesh 1 x
Barbados 2 x x
Belarus 1 x
Belgium 5 x x x x x
Belize 2 x x
Benin 4 x x x x
Bhutan 0
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 4 x x x x
Bosnia and Herzegovina 2 x x
Botswana 4 x x x x
Brazil 3 x x x
Brunei Darussalam 1 x
Bulgaria 5 x x x x x
Burkina Faso 3 x x x
Burundi 2 x x
Cabo Verde 2 x x
Cambodia 2 x x
Cameroon 2 x x
Canada 4 x x x x
Central African Republic 1 x
Chad 3 x x x
Chile 5 x x x x x
China 5 x x x x x
Colombia 4 x x x x
Comoros 2 x x
Congo 5 x x x x x
Cook Islands 3 x x x
Costa Rica 4 x x x x
Cote d’Ivoire 4 x x x x
Croatia 4 x x x x
Cuba 3 x x x
Cyprus 4 x x x x
Czech Republic 4 x x x x
Congo, Democratic Republic of 3 x x x
Denmark 5 x x x x x
Djibouti 3 x x x
Dominica 2 x x
Dominican Republic 3 x x x
Ecuador 4 x x x x
Egypt 3 x x x
El Salvador 4 x x x x
Equatorial Guinea 3 x x x
Eritrea 2 x x
Estonia 5 x x x x x
Ethiopia 3 x x x
European Union 4 x x x x
Fiji 1 x
Finland 5 x x x x x
France 5 x x x x x
Gabon 3 x x x
Gambia 4 x x x x
Georgia 3 x x x
Germany 5 x x x x x
Ghana 5 x x x x x
Greece 4 x x x x
Grenada 0
Guatemala 4 x x x x
Guinea 4 x x x x
Guinea-Bissau 3 x x x
Guyana 4 x x x x
Haiti 0
Honduras 3 x x x
Hungary 4 x x x x
Iceland 4 x x x x
India 3 x x x
Indonesia 4 x x x x
Iran, Islamic Republic of 5 x x x x x
Iraq 2 x x
Ireland 5 x x x x x
Israel 1 x
Italy 3 x x x
Jamaica 4 x x x x
Japan 4 x x x x
Jordan 4 x x x x
Kazakhstan 2 x x
Kenya 4 x x x x
Kiribati 2 x x
Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of 2 x x
Korea, Republic of 4 x x x x
Kuwait 4 x x x x
Kyrgyzstan 2 x x
Lao, People’s Demodratic Republic 3 x x x
Latvia 4 x x x x
Lebanon 4 x x x x
Lesotho 4 x x x x
Liberia 3 x x x
Libya 2 x x
Liechtenstein 4 x x x x
Lithuania 4 x x x x
Luxembourg 5 x x x x x
Macedonia,former Yugoslav Republic of
Madagascar 4 x x x x
Malawi 3 x x x
Malaysia 2 x x
Maldives 3 x x x
Mali 3 x x x
Malta 4 x x x x
Marshall Islands 4 x x x x
Mauritania 3 x x x
Mauritius 4 x x x x
Mexico 4 x x x x
Micronesia, Federated States of 1 x
Moldova, Republic of 4 x x x x
Monaco 3 x x x
Mongolia 3 x x x
Montenegro 4 x x x x
Morocco 4 x x x x
Mozambique 2 x x
Myanmar 1 x
Namibia 4 x x x x
Nauru 1 x
Nepal 2 x x
Netherlands 5 x x x x x
New Zealand 3 x x x
Nicaragua 3 x x x
Niger 4 x x x x
Nigeria 5 x x x x x
Niue 1 x
Norway 5 x x x x x
Oman 4 x x x x
Pakistan 2 x x
Palau 2 x x
Palestine (State of) 2 x x
Panama 4 x x x x
Papua New Guinea 1 x
Paraguay 4 x x x x
Peru 5 x x x x x
Philippines 3 x x x
Poland 3 x x x
Portugal 4 x x x x
Qatar 3 x x x
Romania 4 x x x x
Russian Federation 2 x x
Rwanda 3 x x x
Saint Kitts and Nevis 5 x x x x x
Saint Lucia 3 x x x
Saint Vincent and Granadines 2 x x
Samoa 3 x x x
San Marino 0
Sao Tome and Principe 3 x x x
Saudi Arabia 5 x x x x x
Senegal 3 x x x
Serbia 3 x x x
Seychelles 3 x x x
Sierra Leone 5 x x x x x
Singapore 3 x x x
Slovakia 4 x x x x
Slovenia 5 x x x x x
Solomon Islands 1 x
Somalia 2 x x
South Africa 5 x x x x x
Spain 4 x x x x
Sri Lanka 4 x x x x
Sudan 2 x x
Suriname 4 x x x x
Swaziland (now Eswatini) 3 x x x
Sweden 5 x x x x x
Switzerland 5 x x x x x
Syrian Arab Republic 4 x x x x
Tajikistan 1 x
Tanzania, United Republic of 3 x x x
Thailand 3 x x x
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 4 x x x x
Togo 3 x x x
Tonga 4 x x x x
Trinidad and Tobago 4 x x x x
Tunisia 3 x x x
Turkey 3 x x x
Turkmenistan 0
Tuvalu 2 x x
Uganda 3 x x x
Ukraine 2 x x
United Arab Emirates 3 x x x
United Kingdom 5 x x x x x
United States 1 x
Uruguay 5 x x x x x
Uzbekistan 1 x
Vanuatu 4 x x x x
Venezuela 2 x x
Viet Nam 3 x x x
Yemen, Republic of 3 x x x
Zambia 4 x x x x
Zimbabwe 2 x x
Totals 617 100 55 161 183 122
Failing (0) 5
Fair (1) 17
Good (2) 33
Very Good (3) 52
Excellent (4) 60
Exceptional (5) 28

*While the European Union is not a country, it is allowed to ratify as a political and economic integration organization.

**Gray shading indicates an OECD Member country.

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